Pankhani yolumikizirana, kulumikizana ndi malo osungira deta, komanso mayendedwe a kanema, ma fiber optic cable ndi ofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, zoona zake n'zakuti ma fiber optic cable si njira yotsika mtengo kapena yotheka kugwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito iliyonse. Chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) pakukulitsa mphamvu ya ulusi pa zomangamanga za ulusi zomwe zilipo ndikwabwino kwambiri. WDM ndi ukadaulo womwe umachulukitsa zizindikiro zambiri za kuwala pa ulusi umodzi pogwiritsa ntchito ma wavelength osiyanasiyana a kuwala kwa laser. Kafukufuku wachangu wa minda ya WDM adzaperekedwa pa CWDM ndi DWDM. Amachokera pa lingaliro lomwelo logwiritsa ntchito ma wavelength angapo a kuwala pa ulusi umodzi. Koma onse ali ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zawo.
Kodi CWDM ndi chiyani?
CWDM imathandizira njira zokwana ma wavelength 18 zomwe zimatumizidwa kudzera mu ulusi nthawi imodzi. Kuti izi zitheke, ma wavelength osiyanasiyana a njira iliyonse amakhala 20nm kutali. DWDM, imathandizira njira zokwana ma wavelength 80 nthawi imodzi, ndipo njira iliyonse ili 0.8nm yokha kutali. Ukadaulo wa CWDM umapereka njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo pa mtunda waufupi wa makilomita 70. Pa mtunda wa makilomita 40 ndi 70, CWDM imangokhala yothandizira njira zisanu ndi zitatu zokha.
Dongosolo la CWDM nthawi zambiri limathandizira ma wavelength asanu ndi atatu pa ulusi uliwonse ndipo limapangidwira kulumikizana kwa nthawi yochepa, pogwiritsa ntchito ma frequency akutali kwambiri pomwe ma wavelength amafalikira kutali.
Popeza CWDM imachokera pa mtunda wa ma channel a 20-nm kuyambira 1470 mpaka 1610 nm, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma fiber spans mpaka 80km kapena kuchepera chifukwa ma optical amplifier sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ma channel akuluakulu. Mpata waukuluwu wa ma channel umalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma optics okwera mtengo. Komabe, mphamvu ya maulalo komanso mtunda wothandizidwa ndi wochepa ndi CWDM kuposa ndi DWDM.
Kawirikawiri, CWDM imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtengo wotsika, mphamvu yochepa (sub-10G) komanso mtunda waufupi pomwe mtengo ndi chinthu chofunikira.
Posachedwapa, mitengo ya zida za CWDM ndi DWDM yakhala yofanana. Ma wavelength a CWDM pakadali pano amatha kunyamula mpaka 10 Gigabit Ethernet ndi 16G Fiber Channel, ndipo sizingatheke kuti mphamvu imeneyi iwonjezereke mtsogolo.
Kodi DWDM ndi chiyani?
Mosiyana ndi CWDM, kulumikizana kwa DWDM kumatha kukulitsidwa ndipo, motero, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito potumiza deta mtunda wautali kwambiri.
Mu machitidwe a DWDM, kuchuluka kwa njira zochulukitsidwa kumakhala kochulukira kuposa CWDM chifukwa DWDM imagwiritsa ntchito mtunda wocheperako wa wavelength kuti igwirizane ndi njira zambiri pa ulusi umodzi.
M'malo mwa mtunda wa njira ya 20 nm womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu CWDM (wofanana ndi pafupifupi 15 miliyoni GHz), makina a DWDM amagwiritsa ntchito mtunda wa njira zosiyanasiyana kuyambira 12.5 GHz mpaka 200 GHz mu C-Band ndipo nthawi zina L-band.
Machitidwe a DWDM a masiku ano nthawi zambiri amathandizira njira 96 zomwe zili ndi mtunda wa 0.8 nm mkati mwa 1550 nm C-Band spectrum. Chifukwa cha izi, machitidwe a DWDM amatha kutumiza deta yambiri kudzera mu ulalo umodzi wa ulusi chifukwa amalola kuti mafunde ambiri azitha kuyikidwa pa ulusi womwewo.
DWDM ndi yabwino kwambiri pa kulumikizana kwakutali mpaka 120 km ndi kupitirira apo chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kugwiritsa ntchito ma amplifiers optical, omwe amatha kukulitsa bwino 1550 nm kapena C-band spectrum yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu DWDM. Izi zimathetsa nthawi yayitali yochepetsera kapena mtunda ndipo zikalimbikitsidwa ndi Erbium Doped-Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs), machitidwe a DWDM ali ndi kuthekera konyamula deta yambiri pamtunda wautali mpaka makilomita mazana kapena zikwi.
Kuwonjezera pa kuthekera kothandizira ma wavelength ambiri kuposa CWDM, nsanja za DWDM zimathanso kuthana ndi ma protocol othamanga kwambiri chifukwa ogulitsa zida zoyendera magetsi ambiri masiku ano nthawi zambiri amathandizira 100G kapena 200G pa wavelength pomwe matekinoloje atsopano akulola 400G ndi kupitirira apo.
Kuyerekeza kwa mafunde a DWDM ndi CWDM:
CWDM ili ndi mtunda wokulirapo wa njira kuposa DWDM -- kusiyana kwa mafupipafupi kapena kutalika kwa mafunde pakati pa njira ziwiri zowunikira zomwe zili pafupi.
Makina a CWDM nthawi zambiri amanyamula ma wavelength asanu ndi atatu okhala ndi mtunda wa 20 nm mu gridi ya spectrum kuyambira 1470 nm mpaka 1610 nm.
Koma makina a DWDM amatha kunyamula mafunde a 40, 80, 96 kapena mpaka 160 pogwiritsa ntchito mtunda wocheperako wa 0.8/0.4 nm (100 GHz/50 GHz grid). Mafunde a DWDM nthawi zambiri amakhala kuyambira 1525 nm mpaka 1565 nm (C-band), ndipo makina ena amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde a 1570 nm mpaka 1610 nm (L-band).
Ubwino wa CWDM:
1. Mtengo Wotsika
CWDM ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa DWDM chifukwa cha mtengo wa zida zamagetsi. Dongosolo la CWDM limagwiritsa ntchito ma laser ozizira omwe ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma laser osazizira a DWDM. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wa ma transceivers a DWDM nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera mtengo kanayi kapena kasanu kuposa wa ma module awo a CWDM. Ngakhale ndalama zogwirira ntchito za DWDM ndi zapamwamba kuposa CWDM. Chifukwa chake CWDM ndi chisankho chabwino kwa iwo omwe ali ndi malire pazachuma.
2. Kufunika kwa Mphamvu
Poyerekeza ndi CWDM, mphamvu zomwe zimafunika pa DWDM ndizokwera kwambiri. Popeza ma laser a DWDM pamodzi ndi ma monitor ndi ma control circuitry amadya pafupifupi 4 W pa wavelength. Pakadali pano, chotumizira cha laser cha CWDM chosaziziritsidwa chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pafupifupi 0.5 W. CWDM ndi ukadaulo wosagwiritsa ntchito magetsi womwe sugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Uli ndi zotsatira zabwino pazachuma kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti.
3. Ntchito Yosavuta
Makina a CWDM amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosavuta poyerekeza ndi DWDM. Amagwiritsa ntchito LED kapena Laser kuti apereke mphamvu. Ma wave filters a makina a CWDM ndi ang'onoang'ono komanso otsika mtengo. Chifukwa chake ndi osavuta kuyika ndikugwiritsa ntchito.
Ubwino wa DWDM:
1. Kusintha Kosinthasintha
DWDM ndi yosinthasintha komanso yolimba pankhani ya mitundu ya ulusi. Kusintha kwa DWDM kukhala njira 16 kumagwira ntchito pa ulusi wa G.652 ndi G.652.C. Poyamba chifukwa chakuti DWDM nthawi zonse imagwiritsa ntchito gawo lotsika la ulusi. Ngakhale makina a CWDM a njira 16 amagwiritsa ntchito kutumiza kwa magetsi m'dera la 1300-1400nm, komwe kuchepa kwa magetsi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
2. Kuchuluka kwa kukula
Mayankho a DWDM amalola kukweza m'masitepe a njira zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka njira zosakwana 40. Amalola mphamvu yonse ya ulusi kuposa yankho la CWDM.
3. Mtunda Wautali Wotumizira Magalimoto
DWDM imagwiritsa ntchito bande ya wavelength ya 1550 yomwe imatha kukulitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma amplifiers odziwika bwino (EDFA). Imawonjezera mtunda wotumizira ma frequency kufika pa mazana a makilomita.
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsani kusiyana pakati pa CWDM ndi DWDM.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-14-2022