Makampani olankhulana ndi mafoni ayamba kuiona ngati yofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya fiber to the Home (FTTH).
Padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ukadaulo upitirire mofulumira. Ma network a Active Optical (AON) ndi ma network osagwira ntchito (PON) ndi machitidwe awiri akuluakulu omwe amapangitsa kuti kulumikizana kwa FTTH broadband kutheke. Ma PON omwe angapereke mayankho otsika mtengo amapezeka kwambiri m'magawo ambiri a FTTH. ABC ya PON idzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, yomwe makamaka imakhudza zigawo zoyambira ndi ukadaulo wogwirizana nawo kuphatikiza OLT, ONT, ONU, ndi ODN.
Kufotokozedwa kwa PON: Tanthauzo, Miyezo ndi Ubwino
Netiweki yowunikira yopanda ntchito imatanthauza netiweki ya fiber-optic yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito topology ya point-to-multipoint ndi optical splitters kuti ipereke deta kuchokera ku malo amodzi otumizira mauthenga kupita ku ma endpoint angapo ogwiritsa ntchito. Mosiyana ndi AON, makasitomala ambiri amalumikizidwa ku transceiver imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi ya ulusi ndi mayunitsi ophatikizana osagwira ntchito, omwe amagwira ntchito yonse mu optical domain komanso opanda mphamvu mu PON architecture. Pali miyezo iwiri yayikulu ya PON: Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) ndi Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON). Mapangidwe awo a topology ndi ofanana. Monga chisankho choyamba m'magawo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito FTTH, yankho la PON lili ndi maubwino angapo odziwika:
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zochepa
Malo Osafunika Kwambiri
Bandwidth Yapamwamba
Chitetezo Chapamwamba
Zosavuta Kuyika ndi Kukulitsa
Ndalama Zochepa Zogwirira Ntchito ndi Kuyang'anira
Kapangidwe ka PON ndi Zigawo
Mu dongosolo la Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GEPON), pali malo olumikizirana a optical line (OLT) ku ofesi yayikulu ya opereka chithandizo komanso ma unit angapo a optical network (ONUs) kapena malo olumikizirana a optical network (ONTs) omwe ali pafupi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso optical splitter (SPL). Kuphatikiza apo, malo olumikizirana a optical (ODN) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito panthawi yotumizirana mauthenga pakati pa OLT ndi ONU/ONT.
Malo Opangira Mzere Wowala (OLT)
OLT ndiye poyambira pa netiweki ya passive optical, yomwe imalumikizidwa ku switch yapakati kudzera mu zingwe za Ethernet. Ntchito yayikulu ya OLT ndikusintha, kupanga chimango, ndikutumiza zizindikiro za netiweki ya PON ndikugwirizanitsa ma terminals a network optical multiplexing kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito potumiza ma upstream. Kawirikawiri, zida za OLT zimakhala ndi rack, CSM (Control and Switch Module), ELM (EPON Link Module, PON card), chitetezo cha redundancy -48V DC power supply module, kapena module imodzi ya 110/220V AC power supply, ndi mafani. M'magawo awa, khadi la PON ndi magetsi zimathandizira hot-swap pomwe module ina imamangidwa mkati. OLT ili ndi njira ziwiri zoyandama: kumtunda (kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito) ndi kumunsi (kupeza deta, mawu, ndi magalimoto a kanema kuchokera ku netiweki ya metro kapena kuchokera ku netiweki yayitali ndikutumiza ku ma module onse a ONT pa ODN.) Mtunda wapamwamba kwambiri wothandizidwa potumiza kudzera mu ODN ndi 20 km.
Chigawo cha Network cha Optical (ONU) / Malo Olumikizira Network a Optical (ONT)
ONU imasintha ma signal a kuwala omwe amatumizidwa kudzera mu ulusi kupita ku ma signal amagetsi. Ma signal amagetsi awa amatumizidwa kwa olembetsa payekhapayekha. Kawirikawiri, pali mtunda kapena netiweki ina yolowera pakati pa ONU ndi malo a ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ONU imatha kutumiza, kuphatikiza, ndikukonza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya deta yochokera kwa kasitomala ndikutumiza ku OLT. Kukonza ndi njira yomwe imakonza ndikukonzanso mtsinje wa data kuti iperekedwe bwino kwambiri. OLT imathandizira kugawa kwa bandwidth komwe kumalola kutumiza bwino deta kupita ku OLT, komwe nthawi zambiri kumafika mwachangu kuchokera kwa kasitomala. ONU ikhoza kulumikizidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya zingwe, monga waya wopindika, chingwe cha coaxial, ulusi wowala, kapena kudzera pa Wi-Fi.
Zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito zimathanso kutchedwa kuti optical network terminal (ONT). Kwenikweni, ONT ndi chimodzimodzi ndi ONU kwenikweni. ONT ndi mawu a ITU-T, pomwe ONU ndi mawu a IEEE. Popeza ndi a mabungwe osiyanasiyana, onsewa amatanthauza zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu GEPON system. Koma kwenikweni, pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa ONT ndi ONU malinga ndi malo awo.
Netiweki Yogawa Ma Optical (ODN)
ODN, gawo lofunikira la dongosolo la PON, imapereka njira yolumikizira ma ONU ku ma OLT pamtunda wa makilomita 20 kapena kupitirira. Mkati mwa ODN, zingwe za fiber optic, zolumikizira za fiber optic, zopatulira za optical, ndi zigawo zothandizira zimagwirira ntchito limodzi. ODN ili ndi magawo asanu omwe ndi feeder fiber, optical distribution point, distribution fiber, optical access point, ndi drop fiber. feeder fiber imayamba kuchokera ku optical distribution frame (ODF) m'chipinda cholumikizirana cha ofesi yapakati ndipo imathera pamalo ogawa ma optical kuti ifike patali. Distribution fiber kuchokera pamalo ogawa ma optical kupita kumalo ogawa ma optical imagawa ma optical fibers m'malo omwe ali pafupi nayo. Drop fiber imalumikiza malo olowera ma optical ku ma terminals (ONTs), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti optical fiber igwe m'nyumba za ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ODN ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri yotumizira deta ya PON ndipo khalidwe lake limakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito, kudalirika, komanso kukula kwa dongosolo la PON.
Mapeto
OLT, ONU kapena ONT, ndi ODN ndi zinthu zazikulu mu dongosolo la GEPON, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ntchito za FTTH. Kuchepa kwa zomangamanga za mawaya (opanda zinthu zogwira ntchito) komanso kufalikira kwa media kosinthasintha kumathandiza kuti ma network a passive optical akhale abwino kwambiri pa intaneti yakunyumba, mawu, ndi makanema. Kuphatikiza apo, ma network a passive optical angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'masukulu aku koleji ndi m'malo amalonda, kupereka mayankho otsika mtengo. Pamene ukadaulo wa PON ukupitilirabe kusintha, mapulogalamu omwe angakhalepo nawonso akukula.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-14-2022